GBS, Breaking the Stereotypes of Clinicians’ Minds: A Case Study of Atypical Presentation of GBS, Caused by COVID-19 Vaccination?
Published: 2022-09-22
Page: 160-166
Issue: 2022 - Volume 5 [Issue 1]
Rabia Arshad *
Department of Emergency and Critical Care (DEC), Holy Family Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Zoha Fatima
DEC, Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan.
Ujala Abdul Rashid
DEC, Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan.
Umara Nasim
DEC, Holy Family Hospital, Pakistan.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The clinicopathologic spectrum of Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS) has expanded to include both inflammatory injuries that lead to demyelination and axonal loss forms that cause the motor and sensory loss. However, GBS may also have atypical presentations, that intrigue the clinicians’ interest. COVID-19 vaccines and their adverse effects are an emerging topic in medicine. While GBS has been reported as a rare complication of COVID-19 infection as well as after the meningococcus, influenza, polio, and rabies vaccine; a definitive association with the COVID-19 vaccine is yet to be established.
Keywords: Guillain Barré Syndrome (GBS), COVID-19, vaccine, pandemic
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Razok A, Shams A, Almeer A, Zahid M. Post-COVID-19 vaccine guillain-barré syndrome; first reported case from Qatar. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2021; 67:102540.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMSU.2021.102540.
Willison HJ, Jacobs BC, van Doorn PA. Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Lancet. 2016; 388:717–27. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00339-1.
Guillain-Barre syndrome: Practice essentials, background, pathophysiology n.d. DOI:https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/315632-overview
(Accessed June 21, 2022).
Hund EF, Borel CO, Cornblath DR, Hanley DF, McKhann GM. Intensive management and treatment of severe Guillain-Barré syndrome. Critical Care Medicine 1993; 21:433–46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1097/00003246-199303000-00023.
Zaeem Z, Siddiqi ZA, Zochodne DW. Autonomic involvement in guillain–barré syndrome: an update. Clinical Autonomic Research. 2019;29:289–99.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/S10286-018-0542-Y/FIGURES/3.
Ahmad I, Rathore FA. Neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19: A literature review. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2020;77:8–12.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOCN.2020.05.017.
Kim JH, Marks F, Clemens JD. Looking beyond COVID-19 vaccine phase 3 trials. Nature Medicine. 2021;27:2 2021;27:205–11.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01230-y.
Schonberger LB, Bregman DJ, Sullivan-bolyai JZ, Keenlyside RA, Ziegler DW, Retailliau HF, et al. Guillain-barre syndrome following vaccination in the national influenza immunization program, United States, 1976–1977. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1979;110:105– 23.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDJOURNALS.AJE.A112795.
WHO. Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard with vaccination data n.d.
(accessed June 27, 2022).
CDC COVID Data Tracker: Vaccinations in the US n.d.
DOI:https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-total-admin-rate-total (accessed June 27, 2022).
Moon AM, Barritt AS. Elevated liver enzymes in patients with COVID-19: Look, but not too hard. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2021;66:1767.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/S10620-020-06585-9.
Razok A, Shams A, Almeer A, Zahid M. Post-COVID-19 vaccine Guillain-Barré syndrome; first reported case from Qatar. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2021; 67:102540.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AMSU.2021.102540.
Jain SS, Steele JM, Fonseca B, Huang S, Shah S, Maskatia SA, et al. Covid-19 vaccination-associated myocarditis in adolescents. Pediatrics. 2021;148.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1542/PEDS.2021-053427/181357.
Pavord S, Scully M, Hunt BJ, Lester W, Bagot C, Craven B, et al. Clinical features of vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia and thrombosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2021; 385:1680–9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMOA2109908/SUPPL_FILE/NEJMOA2109908_DATA-SHARING.PDF.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) n.d. Available:https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/guillain-barre-syndrome/
(accessed June 27, 2022).
Jasem J, Marof K, Nawar A, Khalaf Y, Aswad S, Hamdani F, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome as a cause of acute flaccid paralysis in Iraqi children: a result of 15 years of nation-wide study. BMC Neurology. 2013;13:195.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2377-13-195.
SSS, SI A, SB B, T Z. Guillain Barre syndrome in Pakistan: A short review of literature. Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Research. 2018; 3.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.35841/NEUROLOGY-NEUROREHABILITATION.3.1.34-35.
van Doorn PA, Ruts L, Jacobs BC. Clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment of guillain-barré syndrome. The Lancet Neurology. 2008;7:939–50.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70215-1.
Souayah N, Nasar A, Suri MFK, Qureshi AI. Guillain–Barre syndrome after vaccination in United States: A report from the CDC/FDA vaccine adverse event reporting system. Vaccine 2007;25:5253– 5.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VACCINE.2007.03.053.
Waheed S, Bayas A, Hindi F, Rizvi Z, Espinosa PS. Neurological complications of COVID-19: guillain-barre syndrome following pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Cureus. 2021;13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.7759/CUREUS.13426.
Hanson KE, Goddard K, Lewis N, Fireman B, Myers TR, Bakshi N, et al. Incidence of guillain-barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination in the vaccine safety datalink. JAMA Network Open. 2022;5:e228879–e228879.